: The tendency for solutions in complex systems to produce unexpected or opposite results over time.
: Characteristics of the whole that are not present in any individual part. Systems Thinking, Third Edition: Managing Chaos...
: Unlike mechanical systems, social systems are capable of choosing their own goals and behaviors. : The tendency for solutions in complex systems
Gharajedaghi identifies five key systems principles that define the behavior of sociocultural systems: Systems Thinking, Third Edition: Managing Chaos...