While Rogue (1980) gave the genre its name, Beneath Apple Manor (1978) was the first to implement the core pillars of procedural generation and permadeath.

Strategic decision-making over mechanical reflex. Grid-Based: Movement on a discrete spatial layout.

Explore the history and gameplay of the evolution-focused roguelike sub-genre: The Evolution of Roguelikes YouTube · Jesse Cox

At the International Roguelike Development Conference, developers codified the "8 must-haves" for a "pure" roguelike:

The genre eventually split into two distinct evolutionary paths: Roguelike (Classic) Roguelite (Modern) None; every run starts from zero. Persistent upgrades/unlocks between runs. Gameplay Turn-based and grid-based. Often real-time (Action/Bullet Hell). Difficulty Extreme; requires deep system knowledge. Scalable; often more forgiving. Examples Caves of Qud , NetHack , ADOM . Hades , Vampire Survivors , Dead Cells .

Evolution is rarely a straight upgrade. Choosing fur might provide heat resistance but prevent you from growing an exoskeleton.

Actions (movement, combat) happen in the same interface. Complexity: Multiple ways to solve a single problem. Resource Management: Limited food, health, and ammo. Hack and Slash: Combat-oriented progression. Part 2: The "Evolution" Sub-Genre