Ortodoxe — Istoria Biserici

The breaking point of 1054 and the Fall of Constantinople (1453).

The rise of national autocephalous churches (e.g., Romanian, Serbian, Bulgarian). The severe impact of Soviet and Eastern Bloc communism. Summary of Orthodoxy's historical resilience. The Church's role in the contemporary world. Istoria Biserici Ortodoxe

Tensions gradually mounted between the Greek-speaking East and the Latin-speaking West. Disagreements over papal supremacy and the Filioque clause (the insertion of "and the Son" into the Creed by the Western Church) led to the Great Schism in 1054. This event formally divided the Chalcedonian Church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. Captivity and Expansion The breaking point of 1054 and the Fall