Depending on your phone brand, you may need a specific driver so Windows can recognize it:

: For a faster setup that adds ADB to your system path automatically, many users use the 15 Seconds ADB Installer or Minimal ADB and Fastboot. 2. Download ADB Drivers

To get ADB working on your computer, you usually need two things: the (the adb command itself) and the USB drivers for your specific phone. 1. Download ADB & Fastboot Tools