ARQ increases latency due to retransmissions, making it less suitable for real-time applications like VoIP.
is a fundamental error-control mechanism used in telecommunications and data link layers to ensure reliable transmission over unreliable communication links. Unlike Forward Error Correction (FEC) , which allows the receiver to correct errors, ARQ relies on the receiver identifying errors and requesting retransmission of data from the sender. This paper covers the primary types of ARQ protocols, their mechanisms, and performance tradeoffs. 2. Fundamental Mechanisms ARQ protocols operate based on two main principles: ARQ increases latency due to retransmissions, making it
If the sender does not receive an ACK within a designated time (timeout) or receives a NAK, it retransmits the packet. 3. Types of ARQ Protocols 3.1. Stop-and-Wait ARQ This paper covers the primary types of ARQ
Higher bandwidth–delay products require larger window sizes (GBN/SR) to maintain high throughput. 5. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) 5. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)