: Patients may exhibit weakness, nausea, breathlessness, and confusion . In acute cases, it can lead to decreased cardiac output, hypotension, and arrhythmias.

Acidosis is a physiological state where blood pH falls below 7.35, often caused by an excess of hydrogen ions or a deficit in bicarbonate ( HCO3−cap H cap C cap O sub 3 raised to the negative power ), the body’s primary buffer.

: Results from the overproduction of acids, such as lactic acid (due to shock or hypoxia) or ketoacids (in diabetes ).