: Symbols rarely gained immediate acceptance. Cajori documents the "competition" between rival notations—such as the various ways to denote multiplication—before one eventually became the standard.
: The modern system where abstract signs represent concepts. Modern Recommendations & Guides A History of Mathematical Notations
: The book explains how symbols moved across borders, showing how Hindu-Arabic numerals and European algebraic shorthand were influenced by diverse civilizations. : Symbols rarely gained immediate acceptance