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: Useful for checking comprehension questions at the end of Paragraph 22.

: The Tokugawa Shogunate; the closure of the country to foreigners (except the Dutch) and the banning of Christianity. : Useful for checking comprehension questions at the

To save the material for offline listening, use these methods: : Useful for checking comprehension questions at the

: Often provides concise video lessons and summaries for each paragraph. : Useful for checking comprehension questions at the

If you prefer to read while listening, you can find the full text or PDF versions at:

: The Great Mughal Empire; the reign of Akbar the Great and the eventual European (British) colonization.

If you cannot find the audio immediately, here are the key points covered in the Baranov/Yudovskaya textbook for this chapter: