These "rollups" process transactions off-chain and bundle them, significantly reducing the load on the Ethereum Mainnet.
Optimised smart contracts (like ERC-721A) reduced the gas required for minting.
In 2022, Ethereum transaction fees (gas) experienced a significant and sustained drop, reaching their lowest levels in years. Contrary to popular belief, Why the Merge Didn't Lower Fees The Merge was a consensus change. It replaced miners with validators to secure the network. Contrary to popular belief, Why the Merge Didn't
It did not significantly expand the network's capacity to handle more transactions per second.
While the Merge improved Ethereum's energy efficiency by 99%, fee reduction is being addressed through . This phase of the roadmap focuses on "sharding" and "data blobs" (EIP-4844), which specifically aim to make Layer 2 transactions even cheaper and increase overall network throughput. While the Merge improved Ethereum's energy efficiency by
Networks like and Optimism gained massive adoption.
This prevented failed transactions and "bidding wars" from artificially inflating gas prices on the public mempool. Looking Ahead Contrary to popular belief
The "plummeting" fees in 2022 were driven by a combination of market cooling and technical evolution: